CGAL 5.2.1 - Manual
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This chapter gives an overview of issues related to the configuration of CGAL that allow you to answer such questions as:
Also addressed here are issues related to writing code for non-standard-compliant compilers. Compilers have made a lot of progress toward the C++-standard recently. But still they do not fully implement it. There are a few features you may assume; others you may not assume. Especially you may assume that the compiler
std::iterator_traits
. Still, there are many bugs (sometimes known as "features") left in the compilers. Have a look at the list of (non-obsolete) workarounds in Section Workaround flags to get an idea of which "features" are still present.
In the makefiles included for the compilation of every CGAL program (i.e., those to which the environment variable CGAL_MAKEFILE
refers),
we define command line switches that set the flags
iff CGAL is configured with LEDA or GMP support, respectively.
CGAL code can rely on Boost libraries to some extent.
Boost was shipped with CGAL Release 3.1, and is no longer shipped within CGAL, as it is mainstream, and already distributed with Linux and Cygwin.
Since portability and backward compatibility are a concern in CGAL, we have decided that the list of Boost libraries usable in CGAL will be decided by the CGAL editorial board. The requirements are higher when it appears in the user visible interface than when Boost code is used only internally. Requirements are lower for code that is not released such as the test-suite. Boost libraries already accepted in the C++ Standard Library Technical Report will be the first easy candidates (these are marked [TR1]
in the list below). However, wrapping the use within CGAL is generally adviced (like what is done in the cpp11
namespace). Finally, the policy is that if a better alternative exists in Boost and is allowed, then CGAL code must use it instead of a CGAL version (which probably must be deprecated and phased out), trying not to break backward compatibility too much.
A list of reasonnable Boost libraries to use in the CGAL API is Graph, Optional, Parameter (for packages already using it), Property Map, Smart Pointers (for packages already using it), Variant.
Before using a Boost libraries internally, first check whether it is already used, and if not indicate it while submitting your changes (feature, small-feature or pull request), or even by sending an email to cgal-develop during the development.
Here is a short example on how these macros can be used. Assume you have some piece of code that depends on whether you have LEDA-4.0 or later.
Every compiler defines some macros that allow you to identify it; see the following table.
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There are also flags to identify the architecture.
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For (good) reasons that will not be discussed here, it was decided to use C++ for the development of CGAL. An international standard for C++ has been sanctioned in 1998 [4] and the level of compliance varies widely between different compilers, let alone bugs.
In order to provide a uniform development environment for CGAL that looks more standard compliant than what the compilers provide, a number of workaround flags and macros have been created. Some of the workaround macros are set in <CGAL/config.h>
.
using the macros listed in Section Identifying compilers and architectures to identify the compiler. But most of them are set in the platform-specific configuration files
<CGAL/config/
os-compiler/CGAL/compiler_config.h>
where os-compiler refers to a string describing your operating system and compiler that is defined as follows.
_
\( <\)os \( >\)-
\( <\)os-version \( >\)_
\( <\)comp \( >\)-
\( <\)comp-version \( >\)uname -p
or uname -m
, uname -s
, Examples are mips_IRIX64-6.5_CC-n32-7.30
or sparc_SunOS-5.6_g++-2.95
. For more information, see the CGAL usage guide .
This platform-specific configuration file is created during
installation by the script install_cgal
. The flags listed below are set according to the results of test programs that are compiled and run. These test programs reside in the directory
/config/testfiles
where represents the installation directory for the library. The names of all testfiles, which correspond to the names of the flags,
start with "<TT>CGAL_CFG_</TT>" followed by
For any of these files a corresponding flag is set in the platform-specific configuration file, iff either compilation or execution fails. The reasoning behind this sort of negative scheme is that on standard-compliant platforms there should be no flags at all.
Currently (CGAL-3.4-I-181), we have the following configuration test files (and flags). The short descriptions that are given in the files are included here. In some cases, it is probably necessary to have a look at the actual files to understand what the flag is for. This list is just to give an overview. Be sure to have a look at Installation/config/testfiles/
to have an up-to-date version of this list.
CGAL_CFG_LONGNAME_BUG
This flag is set if a compiler (or assembler or linker) has problems with long symbol names.
CGAL_CFG_NET2003_MATCHING_BUG
This flag is set, if the compiler does not match a member definition to an existing declaration. This bug shows up on VC 7.1 Beta (cl1310
).
CGAL_CFG_NO_LIMITS
This flag is set if a compiler does not know the limits.
CGAL_CFG_NO_LONG_LONG
The long long
built-in integral type is not part of the Iso C++ standard, but many compilers support it nevertheless, since it is part of the Iso C standard. This flag is set if it is supported.
CGAL_CFG_NO_TMPL_IN_TMPL_PARAM
Nested templates in template parameter, such as `template < template <class T> class A>` are not supported by any compiler. This flag is set if they are not supported.
Some macros are defined according to certain workaround flags. This is done to avoid some #ifdef
s in our actual code.
CGAL_LITTLE_ENDIAN
set, iff
CGAL_CFG_NO_BIG_ENDIAN
is set.
CGAL_BIG_ENDIAN
set, iff
CGAL_CFG_NO_BIG_ENDIAN
is not set.
CGAL_DEPRECATED
used to declare a function as deprecated - just add it before the function declaration. You may also surround deprecated code with CGAL_NO_DEPRECATED_CODE
, such that it is easy to test if a piece of code uses deprecated code or not:
Visual C++ headers (and others) sometimes define min
and max
as macros. If you write max
followed by an opening parenthesis, this can lead to unwanted substitutions. In order to work around it, you should use one of the following tricks:
For SunPRO C++ member function templates with dependent return type must be defined in the body of the class.
The function parameter matching capacities of Visual C++ are rather limited. Failures occur when your function bar
is like
VC++ fails to distinguish that these parameters have different types. A workaround is to add some dummy parameters that are defaulted to certain values, and this affects only the places where the functions are defined, not the places where they are called. This may not be true anymore for recent VC++ versions.
Recommendations: