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CGAL::Regular_triangulation_3<RegularTriangulationTraits_3,TriangulationDataStructure_3>

Definition

Let S(w) be a set of weighted points in ℝ3. Let p(w)=(p,wp), p ∈ ℝ3, wp ∈ ℝ and z(w)=(z,wz), z ∈ ℝ3, wz ∈ ℝ be two weighted points. A weighted point p(w)=(p,wp) can also be seen as a sphere of center p and radius √wp. The power product (or power distance ) between p(w) and z(w) is defined as
Π(p(w),z(w)) = ||p-z||2-wp-wz
where ||p-z|| is the Euclidean distance between p and z. p(w) and z(w) are said to be orthogonal if Π(p(w)-z(w)) = 0 (see Figure 37.2).

Four weighted points have a unique common orthogonal weighted point called the power sphere. A sphere z(w) is said to be regular if ∀ p(w) ∈ S(w), Π(p(w)-z(w)) ≥ 0.

A triangulation of S(w) is regular if the power spheres of all simplices are regular.

#include <CGAL/Regular_triangulation_3.h>

Parameters

The first template argument must be a model of the RegularTriangulationTraits_3 concept.

The second template argument must be a model of the TriangulationDataStructure_3 concept. It has the default value Triangulation_data_structure_3<Triangulation_vertex_base_3<RegularTriangulationTraits_3>, Regular_triangulation_cell_base_3<RegularTriangulationTraits_3> >.

Inherits From

Triangulation_3<RegularTriangulationTraits_3,TriangulationDataStructure_3>

Types

typedef RegularTriangulationTraits_3::Bare_point
Bare_point; The type for points p of weighted points p(w)=(p,wp)
typedef RegularTriangulationTraits_3::Weighted_point_3
Weighted_point;

Creation

Regular_triangulation_3<RegularTriangulationTraits_3,TriangulationDataStructure_3> rt ( RegularTriangulationTraits_3 traits = RegularTriangulationTraits_3());
Creates an empty regular triangulation, possibly specifying a traits class traits.


Regular_triangulation_3<RegularTriangulationTraits_3,TriangulationDataStructure_3> rt ( Regular_triangulation_3 rt1);
Copy constructor.


template < class InputIterator >
Regular_triangulation_3<RegularTriangulationTraits_3,TriangulationDataStructure_3> rt ( InputIterator first,
InputIterator last,
RegularTriangulationTraits_3 traits = RegularTriangulationTraits_3());
Equivalent to constructing an empty triangulation with the optional traits class argument and calling insert(first,last).

Operations

Insertion

The following methods, which already exist in triangulations, are overloaded to ensure the property that all power spheres are regular.

Vertex_handle rt.insert ( Weighted_point p, Cell_handle start = Cell_handle())
Inserts weighted point p in the triangulation. The optional argument start is used as a starting place for the search.
If this insertion creates a vertex, this vertex is returned.
If p coincides with an existing vertex and has a greater weight, then the existing weighted point becomes hidden (see RegularTriangulationCellBase_3) and p replaces it as vertex of the triangulation.
If p coincides with an already existing vertex (both point and weights being equal), then this vertex is returned and the triangulation remains unchanged.
Otherwise if p does not appear as a vertex of the triangulation, then it is stored as a hidden point and this method returns the default constructed handle.

Vertex_handle rt.insert ( Weighted_point p, Vertex_handle hint)
Same as above but uses hint as a starting place for the search.

Vertex_handle rt.insert ( Weighted_point p, Locate_type lt, Cell_handle loc, int li, int lj)
Inserts weighted point p in the triangulation and returns the corresponding vertex. Similar to the above insert() function, but takes as additional parameter the return values of a previous location query. See description of Triangulation_3::locate().

The following method allows one to insert several points.

template < class InputIterator >
int rt.insert ( InputIterator first, InputIterator last)
Inserts the weighted points in the range [.first, last.). Note that this function is not guaranteed to insert the points following the order of InputIterator. It returns the difference of the number of vertices between after and before the insertions (it may be negative due to hidden points).
Precondition: The value_type of first and last is Point.

Removal

void rt.remove ( Vertex_handle v) Removes the vertex v from the triangulation.

Queries

Let us remark that

Π(p(w)-z(w)) > 0
is equivalent to
p lies outside the sphere with center z and radius √wp2+wz2.

This remark helps provide an intuition about the following predicates.

Figure 37.13:  side_of_power_circle.

side_of_power_circle

Bounded_side rt.side_of_power_sphere ( Cell_handle c, Weighted_point p)
Returns the position of the weighted point p with respect to the power sphere of c. More precisely, it returns:
- ON_BOUNDED_SIDE if Π(p(w)-z(c)(w))<0 where z(c)(w) is the power sphere of c. For an infinite cell this means either that p lies strictly in the half space limited by its finite facet and not containing any other point of the triangulation, or that the angle between p and the power circle of the finite facet of c is greater than π/2.
- ON_BOUNDARY if p is orthogonal to the power sphere of c i.e. Π(p(w)-z(c)(w))=0. For an infinite cell this means that p is orthogonal to the power circle of its finite facet.
- ON_UNBOUNDED_SIDE if Π(p(w)-z(c)(w))>0 i.e. the angle between the weighted point p and the power sphere of c is less than π/2 or if these two spheres do not intersect. For an infinite cell this means that p does not satisfy either of the two previous conditions.
Precondition: rt.dimension() =3.

Bounded_side rt.side_of_power_circle ( Facet f, Weighted_point p)
Returns the position of the point p with respect to the power circle of f. More precisely, it returns:
- in dimension 3:
- For a finite facet,
ON_BOUNDARY if p is orthogonal to the power circle in the plane of the facet,
ON_UNBOUNDED_SIDE when their angle is less than π/2,
ON_BOUNDED_SIDE when it is greater than π/2 (see Figure 37.13).
- For an infinite facet, it considers the plane defined by the finite facet of the cell f.first, and does the same as in dimension 2 in this plane.
- in dimension 2:
- For a finite facet,
ON_BOUNDARY if p is orthogonal to the circle,
ON_UNBOUNDED_SIDE when the angle between p and the power circle of f is less than π/2, ON_BOUNDED_SIDE when it is greater than π/2.
- For an infinite facet,
ON_BOUNDED_SIDE for a point in the open half plane defined by f and not containing any other point of the triangulation,
ON_UNBOUNDED_SIDE in the other open half plane.
If the point p is collinear with the finite edge e of f, it returns:
ON_BOUNDED_SIDE if Π(p(w)-z(e)(w))<0, where z(e)(w) is the power segment of e in the line supporting e,
ON_BOUNDARY if Π(p(w)-z(e)(w))=0,
ON_UNBOUNDED_SIDE if Π(p(w)-z(e)(w))>0 .
Precondition: rt.dimension() ≥ 2.

Bounded_side rt.side_of_power_circle ( Cell_handle c, int i, Weighted_point p)
Same as the previous method for facet i of cell c.

Bounded_side rt.side_of_power_segment ( Cell_handle c, Weighted_point p)
In dimension 1, returns
ON_BOUNDED_SIDE if Π(p(w)-z(c)(w))<0, where z(c)(w) is the power segment of the edge represented by c,
ON_BOUNDARY if Π(p(w)-z(c)(w))=0,
ON_UNBOUNDED_SIDE if Π(p(w)-z(c)(w))>0 .
Precondition: rt.dimension() = 1.

Vertex_handle rt.nearest_power_vertex ( Point p, Cell_handle c = Cell_handle())
Returns the vertex of the triangulation which is nearest to p with respect to the power distance. This means that the power of the query point p with respect to the weighted point in the returned vertex is smaller than the power of p with respect to the weighted point in any other vertex. Ties are broken arbitrarily. The default constructed handle is returned if the triangulation is empty. The optional argument c is a hint specifying where to start the search.
Precondition: c is a cell of rt.

Vertex_handle rt.nearest_power_vertex_in_cell ( Point p, Cell_handle c)
Returns the vertex of the cell c that is nearest to p with respect to the power distance.

A weighted point p is said to be in conflict with a cell c in dimension 3 (resp. with a facet f in dimension 2) if it has a negative power distance to the power sphere of c (resp. to the power circle of f). The set of cells (resp. facets in dimension 2) which are in conflict with p is connected.

template <class OutputIteratorBoundaryFacets, class OutputIteratorCells, class OutputIteratorInternalFacets>
Triple<OutputIteratorBoundaryFacets, OutputIteratorCells, OutputIteratorInternalFacets>
rt.find_conflicts ( const Weighted_point p,
Cell_handle c,
OutputIteratorBoundaryFacets bfit,
OutputIteratorCells cit,
OutputIteratorInternalFacets ifit)
Compute the conflicts with p. The starting cell (resp. facet) c must be in conflict with p. Then this function returns respectively in the output iterators:
- cit: the cells (resp. facets) in conflict with p.
- bfit: the facets (resp. edges) on the boundary of the conflict zone, that is, the facets (resp. edges) (t, i) where the cell (resp. facet) t is in conflict, but t->neighbor(i) is not.
- ifit: the facets (resp. edges) inside the conflict zone, that facets incident to two cells (resp facets) in conflict.
Returns the Triple composed of the resulting output iterators.
Precondition: rt.dimension() ≥ 2, and c is in conflict with p.

template <class OutputIterator>
OutputIterator rt.vertices_in_conflict ( Point p, Cell_handle c, OutputIterator res)
Similar to find_conflicts(), but reports the vertices which are on the boundary of the conflict hole of p, in the output iterator res. Returns the resulting output iterator.
Precondition: rt.dimension() ≥ 2, and c is a cell containing p.

In the weighted setting, a face (cell, facet, edge or vertex) is said to be a Gabriel face iff the smallest sphere orthogonal to the weighted points associated to its vertices, has a positive power product with the weighted point of any other vertex of the triangulation. Any weighted Gabriel face belongs to the regular triangulation, but the reciprocal is not true. The following member functions test the Gabriel property of the faces of the regular triangulation.

bool rt.is_Gabriel ( Cell_handle c, int i)
bool rt.is_Gabriel ( Cell_handle c, int i, int j)
bool rt.is_Gabriel ( Facet f)
bool rt.is_Gabriel ( Edge e)
bool rt.is_Gabriel ( Vertex_handle v)

Power diagram

Cgal offers several functionalities to display the Power diagram of a set of points in 3D.

Note that the user should use a kernel with exact constructions in order to guarantee the computation of the Voronoi diagram (as opposed to computing the triangulation only, which requires only exact predicates).

Point rt.dual ( Cell_handle c) Returns the weighted circumcenter of the four vertices of c.
Precondition: rt.dimension()=3 and c is not infinite.

Object rt.dual ( Facet f) Returns the dual of facet f, which is
in dimension 3: either a segment, if the two cells incident to f are finite, or a ray, if one of them is infinite;
in dimension 2: a point.
Precondition: rt.dimension() ≥ 2 and f is not infinite.

Object rt.dual ( Cell_handle c, int i) same as the previous method for facet (c,i).

template <class Stream>
Stream & rt.draw_dual ( Stream & os) Sends the set of duals to all the facets of rt into os.

Checking

bool rt.is_valid ( bool verbose = false)
Checks the combinatorial validity of the triangulation and the validity of its geometric embedding (see Section 37.1). Also checks that all the power spheres (resp. power circles in dimension 2, power segments in dimension 1) of cells (resp. facets in dimension 2, edges in dimension 1) are regular. When verbose is set to true, messages describing the first invalidity encountered are printed.
This method is mainly a debugging help for the users of advanced features.

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CGAL Open Source Project. Release 3.6. 20 March 2010.