#include <CGAL/Min_annulus_d.h>

Definition

An object of the class Min_annulus_d is the unique annulus (region between two concentric spheres with radii \( r\) and \( R\), \( r \leq R\)) enclosing a finite set of points in \( d\)-dimensional Euclidean space \( \E^d\), where the difference \( R^2-r^2\) is minimal.

For a point set \( P\) we denote by \( ma(P)\) the smallest annulus that contains all points of \( P\). Note that \( ma(P)\) can be degenerate, i.e. \( ma(P)=\emptyset\) if \( P=\emptyset\) and \( ma(P)=\{p\}\) if \( P=\{p\}\).

An inclusion-minimal subset \( S\) of \( P\) with \( ma(S)=ma(P)\) is called a support set, the points in \( S\) are the support points. A support set has size at most \( d+2\), and all its points lie on the boundary of \( ma(P)\). In general, the support set is not necessarily unique.

The underlying algorithm can cope with all kinds of input, e.g. \( P\) may be empty or points may occur more than once. The algorithm computes a support set \( S\) which remains fixed until the next set, insert, or clear operation.

Template Parameters

Traits must be a model for OptimisationDTraits.

We provide the models Optimisation_d_traits_2, Optimisation_d_traits_3, and Optimisation_d_traits_d using the two-, three-, and \( d\)-dimensional CGAL kernel, respectively.

See also: CGAL::Min_sphere_d<Traits>; CGAL::Optimisation_d_traits_2<K,ET,NT>; CGAL::Optimisation_d_traits_3<K,ET,NT>; CGAL::Optimisation_d_traits_d<K,ET,NT>; OptimisationDTraits

Implementation

The problem of finding the smallest enclosing annulus of a finite point set can be formulated as an optimization problem with linear constraints and a linear objective function. The solution is obtained using our exact solver for linear and quadratic programs [7].

The creation time is almost always linear in the number of points. Access functions and predicates take constant time, inserting a point takes almost always linear time. The clear operation and the check for validity each take linear time.

Examples:: Min_annulus_d/min_annulus_d.cpp, and Min_annulus_d/min_annulus_d_fast_exact.cpp.

Related Functions
(Note that these are not member functions.)
std::ostream &	operator<< (std::ostream &os, const Min_annulus_d< Traits > &min_annulus)
	writes `min_annulus` to output stream `os`. More...

std::istream &	operator>> (std::istream &is, Min_annulus_d< Traits > min_annulus &)
	reads `min_annulus` from input stream `is`. More...

Types
typedef unspecified_type	Point
	typedef to `Traits::Point_d`. More...

typedef unspecified_type	FT
	typedef to `Traits::FT`. More...

typedef unspecified_type	ET
	typedef to `Traits::ET`. More...

typedef unspecified_type	Point_iterator
	non-mutable model of the STL concept RandomAccessIterator with value type `Point`. More...

typedef unspecified_type	Support_point_iterator
	non-mutable model of the STL concept RandomAccessIterator with value type `Point`. More...

typedef unspecified_type	Inner_support_point_iterator
	non-mutable model of the STL concept RandomAccessIterator with value type `Point`. More...

typedef unspecified_type	Outer_support_point_iterator
	non-mutable model of the STL concept RandomAccessIterator with value type `Point`. More...

typedef unspecified_type	Coordinate_iterator
	non-mutable model of the STL concept RandomAccessIterator with value type `ET`. More...

Creation
	Min_annulus_d (const Traits &traits=Traits(), int verbose=0, std::ostream &stream=std::cout)
	initializes `min_annulus` to \( ma(\emptyset)\).

template<class InputIterator >
	Min_annulus_d (InputIterator first, InputIterator last, const Traits &traits=Traits(), int verbose=0, std::ostream &stream=std::cout)
	initializes `min_annulus` to \( ma(P)\) with \( P\) being the set of points in the range [`first`,`last`). More...

Access Functions
int	ambient_dimension () const
	returns the dimension of the points in \( P\). More...

int	number_of_points () const
	returns the number of points of `min_annulus`, i.e. \( \|P\|\).

int	number_of_support_points () const
	returns the number of support points of `min_annulus`, i.e. \( \|S\|\).

int	number_of_inner_support_points () const
	returns the number of support points of `min_annulus` which lie on the inner sphere.

int	number_of_outer_support_points () const
	returns the number of support points of `min_annulus` which lie on the outer sphere.

Point_iterator	points_begin () const
	returns an iterator referring to the first point of `min_annulus`.

Point_iterator	points_end () const
	returns the corresponding past-the-end iterator.

Support_point_iterator	support_points_begin () const
	returns an iterator referring to the first support point of `min_annulus`. More...

Support_point_iterator	support_points_end () const
	returns the corresponding past-the-end iterator. More...

Inner_support_point_iterator	inner_support_points_begin () const
	returns an iterator referring to the first inner support point of `min_annulus`.

Inner_support_point_iterator	inner_support_points_end () const
	returns the corresponding past-the-end iterator.

Outer_support_point_iterator	outer_support_points_begin () const
	returns an iterator referring to the first outer support point of `min_annulus`.

Outer_support_point_iterator	outer_support_points_end () const
	returns the corresponding past-the-end iterator.

Point	center () const
	returns the center of `min_annulus`. More...

FT	squared_inner_radius () const
	returns the squared inner radius of `min_annulus`. More...

FT	squared_outer_radius () const
	returns the squared outer radius of `min_annulus`. More...

Coordinate_iterator	center_coordinates_begin () const
	returns an iterator referring to the first coordinate of the center of `min_annulus`. More...

Coordinate_iterator	center_coordinates_end () const
	returns the corresponding past-the-end iterator.

ET	squared_inner_radius_numerator () const
	returns the numerator of the squared inner radius of `min_annulus`.

ET	squared_outer_radius_numerator () const
	returns the numerator of the squared outer radius of `min_annulus`.

ET	squared_radii_denominator () const
	returns the denominator of the squared radii of `min_annulus`.

Predicates
The bounded area of the smallest enclosing annulus lies between the inner and the outer sphere. The boundary is the union of both spheres. By definition, an empty annulus has no boundary and no bounded side, i.e. its unbounded side equals the whole space \( \E^d\).
CGAL::Bounded_side	bounded_side (const Point &p) const
	returns `CGAL::ON_BOUNDED_SIDE`, `CGAL::ON_BOUNDARY`, or `CGAL::ON_UNBOUNDED_SIDE` iff `p` lies properly inside, on the boundary, or properly outside of `min_annulus`, resp. More...

bool	has_on_bounded_side (const Point &p) const
	returns `true`, iff `p` lies properly inside `min_annulus`. More...

bool	has_on_boundary (const Point &p) const
	returns `true`, iff `p` lies on the boundary of `min_annulus`. More...

bool	has_on_unbounded_side (const Point &p) const
	returns `true`, iff `p` lies properly outside of `min_annulus`. More...

bool	is_empty () const
	returns `true`, iff `min_annulus` is empty (this implies degeneracy).

bool	is_degenerate () const
	returns `true`, iff `min_annulus` is degenerate, i.e. if `min_annulus` is empty or equal to a single point.

Modifiers
void	clear ()
	resets `min_annulus` to \( ma(\emptyset)\).

template<class InputIterator >
void	set (InputIterator first, InputIterator last)
	sets `min_annulus` to \( ma(P)\), where \( P\) is the set of points in the range [`first`,`last`). More...

void	insert (const Point &p)
	inserts `p` into `min_annulus`. More...

template<class InputIterator >
void	insert (InputIterator first, InputIterator last)
	inserts the points in the range [`first`,`last`) into `min_annulus` and recomputes the smallest enclosing annulus. More...

Validity Check
An object `min_annulus` is valid, iff `min_annulus` contains all points of its defining set \( P\), `min_annulus` is the smallest annulus containing its support set \( S\), and \( S\) is minimal, i.e. no support point is redundant. Note: In this release only the first item is considered by the validity check.
bool	is_valid (bool verbose=false, int level=0) const
	returns `true`, iff `min_annulus` is valid. More...

Miscellaneous
const Traits &	traits () const
	returns a const reference to the traits class object.

Member Typedef Documentation

◆ Coordinate_iterator

template<typename Traits >

typedef unspecified_type CGAL::Min_annulus_d< Traits >::Coordinate_iterator

non-mutable model of the STL concept RandomAccessIterator with value type ET.

Used to access the coordinates of the center of the smallest enclosing annulus.

◆ ET

template<typename Traits >

typedef unspecified_type CGAL::Min_annulus_d< Traits >::ET

typedef to Traits::ET.

Number type used to do the exact computations in the underlying solver for quadratic programs (cf. Implementation).

◆ FT

template<typename Traits >

typedef unspecified_type CGAL::Min_annulus_d< Traits >::FT

typedef to Traits::FT.

Number type used to return the squared radii of the smallest enclosing annulus.

◆ Inner_support_point_iterator

template<typename Traits >

typedef unspecified_type CGAL::Min_annulus_d< Traits >::Inner_support_point_iterator

non-mutable model of the STL concept RandomAccessIterator with value type Point.

Used to access the inner support points of the smallest enclosing annulus.

◆ Outer_support_point_iterator

template<typename Traits >

typedef unspecified_type CGAL::Min_annulus_d< Traits >::Outer_support_point_iterator

non-mutable model of the STL concept RandomAccessIterator with value type Point.

Used to access the outer support points of the smallest enclosing annulus.

◆ Point

template<typename Traits >

typedef unspecified_type CGAL::Min_annulus_d< Traits >::Point

typedef to Traits::Point_d.

Point type used to represent the input points.

◆ Point_iterator

template<typename Traits >

typedef unspecified_type CGAL::Min_annulus_d< Traits >::Point_iterator

non-mutable model of the STL concept RandomAccessIterator with value type Point.

Used to access the points of the smallest enclosing annulus.

◆ Support_point_iterator

template<typename Traits >

typedef unspecified_type CGAL::Min_annulus_d< Traits >::Support_point_iterator

non-mutable model of the STL concept RandomAccessIterator with value type Point.

Used to access the support points of the smallest enclosing annulus.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ Min_annulus_d()

template<typename Traits >

template<class InputIterator >

CGAL::Min_annulus_d< Traits >::Min_annulus_d	(	InputIterator	first,
		InputIterator	last,
		const Traits &	traits = `Traits()`,
		int	verbose = `0`,
		std::ostream &	stream = `std::cout`
	)

initializes min_annulus to \( ma(P)\) with \( P\) being the set of points in the range [first,last).

Template Parameters

InputIterator is a model of InputIterator with Point as value type.

Precondition: All points have the same dimension.

Member Function Documentation

◆ ambient_dimension()

template<typename Traits >

int CGAL::Min_annulus_d< Traits >::ambient_dimension ( ) const

returns the dimension of the points in \( P\).

If min_annulus is empty, the ambient dimension is \( -1\).

◆ bounded_side()

template<typename Traits >

CGAL::Bounded_side CGAL::Min_annulus_d< Traits >::bounded_side ( const Point & p ) const

returns CGAL::ON_BOUNDED_SIDE, CGAL::ON_BOUNDARY, or CGAL::ON_UNBOUNDED_SIDE iff p lies properly inside, on the boundary, or properly outside of min_annulus, resp.

Precondition: The dimension of p equals min_annulus.ambient_dimension() if min_annulus is not empty.

◆ center()

template<typename Traits >

Point CGAL::Min_annulus_d< Traits >::center ( ) const

returns the center of min_annulus.

An implicit conversion from ET to RT must be available.

Precondition: min_annulus is not empty.

◆ center_coordinates_begin()

template<typename Traits >

Coordinate_iterator CGAL::Min_annulus_d< Traits >::center_coordinates_begin ( ) const

returns an iterator referring to the first coordinate of the center of min_annulus.

Note: The coordinates have a rational representation, i.e. the first \( d\) elements of the iterator range are the numerators and the \( (d\!+\!1)\)-st element is the common denominator.

◆ has_on_boundary()

template<typename Traits >

bool CGAL::Min_annulus_d< Traits >::has_on_boundary ( const Point & p ) const

returns true, iff p lies on the boundary of min_annulus.

Precondition: The dimension of p equals min_annulus.ambient_dimension() if min_annulus is not empty.

◆ has_on_bounded_side()

template<typename Traits >

bool CGAL::Min_annulus_d< Traits >::has_on_bounded_side ( const Point & p ) const

returns true, iff p lies properly inside min_annulus.

Precondition: The dimension of p equals min_annulus.ambient_dimension() if min_annulus is not empty.

◆ has_on_unbounded_side()

template<typename Traits >

bool CGAL::Min_annulus_d< Traits >::has_on_unbounded_side ( const Point & p ) const

returns true, iff p lies properly outside of min_annulus.

Precondition: The dimension of p equals min_annulus.ambient_dimension() if min_annulus is not empty.

◆ insert() [1/2]

template<typename Traits >

void CGAL::Min_annulus_d< Traits >::insert ( const Point & p )

inserts p into min_annulus.

Precondition: The dimension of p equals min_annulus.ambient_dimension() if min_annulus is not empty.

◆ insert() [2/2]

template<typename Traits >

template<class InputIterator >

void CGAL::Min_annulus_d< Traits >::insert	(	InputIterator	first,
		InputIterator	last
	)

inserts the points in the range [first,last) into min_annulus and recomputes the smallest enclosing annulus.

Template Parameters

InputIterator is a model of InputIterator with Point as value type.

Precondition: All points have the same dimension. If min_annulus is not empty, this dimension must be equal to min_annulus.ambient_dimension().

◆ is_valid()

template<typename Traits >

bool CGAL::Min_annulus_d< Traits >::is_valid	(	bool	verbose = `false`,
		int	level = `0`
	)		const

returns true, iff min_annulus is valid.

If verbose is true, some messages concerning the performed checks are written to standard error stream. The second parameter level is not used, we provide it only for consistency with interfaces of other classes.

◆ set()

template<typename Traits >

template<class InputIterator >

void CGAL::Min_annulus_d< Traits >::set	(	InputIterator	first,
		InputIterator	last
	)

sets min_annulus to \( ma(P)\), where \( P\) is the set of points in the range [first,last).

Template Parameters

InputIterator is a model of InputIterator with Point as value type.

Precondition: All points have the same dimension.

◆ squared_inner_radius()

template<typename Traits >

FT CGAL::Min_annulus_d< Traits >::squared_inner_radius ( ) const

returns the squared inner radius of min_annulus.

An implicit conversion from ET to RT must be available.

Precondition: min_annulus is not empty.

◆ squared_outer_radius()

template<typename Traits >

FT CGAL::Min_annulus_d< Traits >::squared_outer_radius ( ) const

returns the squared outer radius of min_annulus.

An implicit conversion from ET to RT must be available.

Precondition: min_annulus is not empty.

◆ support_points_begin()

template<typename Traits >

Support_point_iterator CGAL::Min_annulus_d< Traits >::support_points_begin ( ) const

returns an iterator referring to the first support point of min_annulus.

Precondition: \( ma(P)\) is not degenerate, i.e., number_of_support_points() is at least one.

◆ support_points_end()

template<typename Traits >

Support_point_iterator CGAL::Min_annulus_d< Traits >::support_points_end ( ) const

returns the corresponding past-the-end iterator.

Precondition: \( ma(P)\) is not degenerate, i.e., number_of_support_points() is at least one.

Friends And Related Function Documentation

◆ operator

template<typename Traits >

std::ostream & operator<< ( std::ostream & os,

const Min_annulus_d< Traits > & min_annulus

)

related

writes `min_annulus` to output stream `os`.

An overload of `operator<<` must be defined for `Point`.

◆ operator>>()

template<typename Traits >

std::istream & operator>>	(	std::istream &	is,
		Min_annulus_d< Traits > min_annulus &
	)

An overload of operator>> must be defined for Point.

Definition

Related Functions

Types

Creation

Access Functions

Predicates

Modifiers

Validity Check

Miscellaneous

Member Typedef Documentation

◆ Coordinate_iterator

◆ ET

◆ FT

◆ Inner_support_point_iterator

◆ Outer_support_point_iterator

◆ Point

◆ Point_iterator

◆ Support_point_iterator

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ Min_annulus_d()

Member Function Documentation

◆ ambient_dimension()

◆ bounded_side()

◆ center()

◆ center_coordinates_begin()

◆ has_on_boundary()

◆ has_on_bounded_side()

◆ has_on_unbounded_side()

◆ insert() [1/2]

◆ insert() [2/2]

◆ is_valid()

◆ set()

◆ squared_inner_radius()

◆ squared_outer_radius()

◆ support_points_begin()

◆ support_points_end()

Friends And Related Function Documentation

◆ operator template<typename Traits > std::ostream & operator<< ( std::ostream & os, const Min_annulus_d< Traits > & min_annulus ) related writes min_annulus to output stream os. An overload of operator<< must be defined for Point.

◆ operator>>()

◆ operator

template<typename Traits >

std::ostream & operator<< ( std::ostream & os,

const Min_annulus_d< Traits > & min_annulus

)

related

writes `min_annulus` to output stream `os`.

An overload of `operator<<` must be defined for `Point`.